Two species Wigner lattice state of unconfined electron-positron plasma and application to the theory of ball lightning 

The Antiworld Review №6, 2020

author: Daniel Miller

abstract: 

Thunderstorms generate strong flows of 511 keV gamma rays, indicating that a substantial number of positrons participate in this process. This makes people think that ball lightning is the vortex of electron-positron plasma. The stability of the plasma can be achieved by balancing the attractive Coulomb forces between electrons and positrons by their kinetic energy. The concept of first order phase transition leading to the formation of electron--hole drops in semiconductors is known since the 1970s. However, the electron--hole liquid drop has a short lifetime and cannot describe relatively long-lived ball lightning. Here, I report two--species Wigner crystal solution to the equation of state, which is only possible when positive and negative charges have exactly the same mass. The model is valid for all observed ball lightning temperatures, however at some point it could be quantum melted state. The annihilation of electron--positron pairs and evaporation of electrons and positrons from the crystal surface set the ball lightning lifetime. The evaporation of the crystal is found to be governed by the power law; it is calculated together with the density of the surrounding free electron--positron plasma by matching the chemical potentials. For a realistic temperature range, the density of the crystal is sufficiently low and prevents extensive annihilation of electron--positron pairs. Experimental detection of 511 keV gamma rays sourced from a ball lightning will confirm this theory.

E-P-Plasma-Ball-Lightning-yr21ww01.pdf